detlaphiltdic

Tuesday, September 29, 2009

Google Acquisitions and Investments

På sporet af en succes ...
/Sik

Mapping the road to success ...
/Sik

Quote

Read more:

Expanding the Reach of GIS through Web Mapping

Internettet er kommet til kort, men GIS'en lader vente på sig ...
/Sik

Bringing GIS to the Internet ... That'll be the day ...
/Sik

Quote

New York City has had a pioneering web mapping portal since 2001 with the launch of the Open Accessible Space Information System (OASIS). The system got its start with funding from the Forest Service and a partnership of more than 40 organizations with the purpose of providing open space stewardship. The application has steadily evolved and continues to be at the technological forefront of web mapping. The New York City region is also blessed with one of the more detailed regional planning tools around with the Long Island Index interactive map. Both of these sites are the product of the CUNY Mapping Service and their partners. V1 editor Matt Ball spoke with Steven Romalewski, director of the CUNY Mapping Service at the CUNY Graduate Center, about the current state of web mapping, and the latest capabilities of web mapping tools. [...]

Read more: http://www.vector1media.com/dialogue/interviews/9203-expanding-the-reach-of-gis-through-web-mapping

Sunday, September 27, 2009

Fact or Fiction? There ten times more glia than neurons in the brain.

"We only use 10% of our brains" is one of the most commonly held brain myths. But as the Neuroscience for Kids website tells us,

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that we use only 10% of our brains.

Neuroscientists, of course, already know that. But are there other false beliefs about the brain? Brain Mythology is a new column in the journal Brain Structure and Function, edited by Laszlo Zaborszky and Karl Zilles. In the first installment, Hilgetag and Barbas (2009) ask the question, Are there ten times more glia than neurons in the brain?

Neuroscience students take it for granted that there are many more glia than neurons in the brain. Neuroscience textbooks state with confidence: “Although there are many neurons in the human brain…, glia outnumber neurons by tenfold” (Bear et al. 2006) or, not to be outdone, even by “10–50 times”, as claimed in another text (Kandel et al. 2000). This fact is happily invoked by gliologists to promote the status of their field.

Damn those status-conscious gliologists! They've been leading us astray!

Given this well-accepted figure, we were surprised when our cell counts in the prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey turned up a glia-to-neuron ratio (GNR) of just about 1 (Dombrowski et al. 2001). There was some regional variation, but no prefrontal area had a GNR larger than 1.2. Maybe the proportion of glia is very different in other cortical regions or other parts of the brain, so that the overall ratio for the whole brain is much larger than 1? Classic studies, however, conducted by O’Kusky and Colonnier (1982) in the opposite pole of the brain, the visual cortex, had reported an even lower GNR of 0.5.

From Fig. 5A (Dombrowski et al., 2001). The ratio of glia/neurons in prefrontal areas or subdivisions of areas.

The origin of the glial dominance myth is not clear at all. Hilgetag and Barbas conclude by mentioning that...

Since the number of synapses increases faster than the number of neurons in larger brains, this affiliation of glia with the multitude of neural connection points may help explain... For example, in large brains such as the human brain... there may be as many as 1.4 astrocytes for each neuron, up from 0.33 in the rodent cortex (Nedergaard et al. 2003). Even that ratio, however, is still a long way from the myth of 10 times more glia than neurons, in any species.

Those species include humans of course, who are like monkeys with a nearly perfect 1:1 neuron:glia ratio [as noted by Jason Snyder].

References

Bear MF, Connors B, Paradiso M (2006). Neuroscience—exploring the brain, 3rd edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Dombrowski S, Hilgetag CC, Barbas H (2001). Quantitative architecture distinguishes prefrontal cortical systems in the rhesus monkey. Cereb Cortex 11:975–988.

Hilgetag, C., & Barbas, H. (2009). Are there ten times more glia than neurons in the brain? Brain Structure and Function, 213 (4-5), 365-366. DOI: 10.1007/s00429-009-0202-z

Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) (2000). Principles of neural science, nerve cells and behavior, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 22.

Nedergaard M, Ransom B, Goldman SA (2003). New roles for astrocytes: redefining the functional architecture of the brain. Trends Neurosci 26:523–530

O’Kusky J, Collonnier M (1982). A laminar analysis of the number of neurons, glia, and synapses in the adult cortex (area 17) of adult macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 210:278–290.

Image via EduSpaces.

A Highlighted Blog at Nature

The Neurocritic has been mentioned as a highlighted blog at nature.com, along with Good Math, Bad Math. Check out some of the other blogs in the Nature Network and beyond. Of the major non-OA (open access) publishers, NPG has been ahead of the curve in its online presence.

Thanks for the honor!

Copenhagen 3D Added to Google Earth

Se også Sørens post ...
/Sik

The pandemic 3D cities is spreading ... as far as to Denmark ...
/Sik

Quote

Google has had a busy week. Not only did they release Google Earth version 5.1 and then release new imagery for many parts of the world, but today they added two more cities in 3D:Copenhagen, Denmark and Marseilles, France.
The addition of Copenhagen is very timely, as Google just recently released some tools in preparation for the COP15 climate change conference in Copenhagen. Oddly, though, the building that will house the conference (the Bella Center) was a bit too far away from downtown to get modeled.
To view these or any other 3D buildings, make sure you turn on the 3D Buildings layer inside of Google Earth. [...]

Read more: http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=2455347059479991970

Neuro Gasm Is Part Of The New Neuro Culture

"Neuro is an innovative beverage company dedicated to developing the highest quality functional beverages available."

One gets PASSION IN EVERY BOTTLE with Neuro Gasm, which

utilizes L-arginine and L-citrulline to improve a healthy blood flow, improve performance and keep you at your best when you need it the most.

Neuro makes a total of 7 different drinks for adults and 7 for kids (junior, however, gets NeuroFun™ instead of Gasm). The company has great product placement, with many celebrity endorsements:

Paris Hilton Drinks Neuro, So Should You

Neuro Gaga

The products are unlikely to help your Neuro Anything, but the shapely packaging has drawn raves from marketers.

Now it's time for some Neuro Sleep...

...ZZzzzZz. If it actually worked.

Friday, September 25, 2009

Weekend Comments Happy Weekend Graphics MySpace Happy Weekend Hi5 Piczo

sexy Weekend Comments Happy Weekend Graphics

Links to this Picture (Html Codes) (Copy/Paste into your own Website or Blog):

great Weekend Comments Happy Weekend Graphics

Links to this Picture (Html Codes) (Copy/Paste into your own Website or Blog):

Links to this Picture (Html Codes) (Copy/Paste into your own Website or Blog):

Harley Davidson Weekend Comments Happy Weekend Graphics

Links to this Picture (Html Codes) (Copy/Paste into your own Website or Blog):

Weekend Comments Glitter Graphics Weekend Comments Extensive collection of Myspace Comments, Funny Comment Codes, Animations, Comment Glitters, Glitter Graphics, Pictures, Graphics for your myspace profile.MySpace Weekend Comments, MySpace Happy Weekend, Have a Happy Weekend, codes, glitter graphic animations and images to make your Profile look Cool.

Free Celebrity Wallpapers - We hosts thousands of free high quality celebrity desktop wallpapers, all neatly organized into easy to use. natassia malthe wallpaper wallpapers shannyn sossamon deepika padukone wallpapers izabella scorupco wallpaper ranbir kapoor wallpapers daniela pestova wallpapers vanessa ferlito wallpaper evanna lynch wallpaper. Celebrities Wallpaper Hollywood Backgrounds Movies Online Films.An extensive of collection of free Celebrity Wallpapers such as Models, Hot Babes, and Sexy...
http://www.desktop-wallpapers-backgrounds.blogspot.com

Best Girly MySpace Comments, Video, Fashion, Makeup, ... Best Girly Comments & Profile Graphics! Best Girly Comments & Profile Graphics!More Hot Girly comments For facebook Myspace Orkut Bebo Hi5 Friendster On...
http://www.animation-digital-photos-posters.blogspot.com

I love u MySpace graphics for your sweetheart, boyfriend, girlfriend, friends, husband, wife, sister, or mom Offers myspace love graphics, myspace love graphic codes, myspace animated love graphics, free love glitter graphics codes for myspace, cute love animated
http://www.free-foto-animation-digital-images.blogspot.com

Digital Photos Cheap Digital Cameras Review Mobile Phones Nokia N96 Iphones Blackberry Laptops Cheap Notbooks Bargains Camcorder
http://www.digital-camera-laptops-notebooks.blogspot.com

Hollywood Celebrities Wallpapers With a wide variety of celebrity wallpaper, movies wallpaper, Film Stars Pictures and much more. desktop wallpaper Celebrities Wallpapers Hollywood Pictures
http://www.celebrities-wallpapers-hollywood.blogspot.com